diff --git a/src/basic/cgroup-util.c b/src/basic/cgroup-util.c
index f68b2103f8..e643c71714 100644
--- a/src/basic/cgroup-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/cgroup-util.c
@@ -142,6 +142,9 @@ int cg_read_pid(FILE *f, pid_t *ret, CGroupFlags flags) {
         assert(f);
         assert(ret);
 
+        /* NB: The kernel returns ENODEV if we tried to read from cgroup.procs of a cgroup that has been
+         * removed already. Callers should handle that! */
+
         for (;;) {
                 errno = 0;
                 if (fscanf(f, "%lu", &ul) != 1) {
@@ -300,6 +303,13 @@ int cg_kill(
                         _cleanup_(pidref_done) PidRef pidref = PIDREF_NULL;
 
                         r = cg_read_pidref(f, &pidref, flags);
+                        if (r == -ENODEV) {
+                                /* reading from cgroup.pids will result in ENODEV if the cgroup is
+                                 * concurrently removed. Just leave in that case, because a removed cgroup
+                                 * contains no processes anymore. */
+                                done = true;
+                                break;
+                        }
                         if (r < 0)
                                 return RET_GATHER(ret, log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read pidref from cgroup '%s': %m", path));
                         if (r == 0)
diff --git a/src/core/dbus-unit.c b/src/core/dbus-unit.c
index 8f1f333943..cf015b5a7b 100644
--- a/src/core/dbus-unit.c
+++ b/src/core/dbus-unit.c
@@ -1351,10 +1351,13 @@ static int append_cgroup(sd_bus_message *reply, const char *p, Set *pids) {
                 /* libvirt / qemu uses threaded mode and cgroup.procs cannot be read at the lower levels.
                  * From https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html#threads, “cgroup.procs” in a
                  * threaded domain cgroup contains the PIDs of all processes in the subtree and is not
-                 * readable in the subtree proper. */
+                 * readable in the subtree proper.
+                 *
+                 * We'll see ENODEV when trying to enumerate processes and the cgroup is removed at the same
+                 * time. Handle this gracefully. */
 
                 r = cg_read_pidref(f, &pidref, /* flags = */ 0);
-                if (IN_SET(r, 0, -EOPNOTSUPP))
+                if (IN_SET(r, 0, -EOPNOTSUPP, -ENODEV))
                         break;
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
diff --git a/src/shared/cgroup-setup.c b/src/shared/cgroup-setup.c
index 8e6cb55427..f6f0fe2c19 100644
--- a/src/shared/cgroup-setup.c
+++ b/src/shared/cgroup-setup.c
@@ -367,6 +367,8 @@ int cg_migrate(
                         if (r < 0)
                                 return RET_GATHER(ret, r);
                 }
+                if (r == -ENODEV)
+                        continue;
                 if (r < 0)
                         return RET_GATHER(ret, r);
         } while (!done);
diff --git a/src/shared/cgroup-show.c b/src/shared/cgroup-show.c
index b95cecb3e6..b97edbdba7 100644
--- a/src/shared/cgroup-show.c
+++ b/src/shared/cgroup-show.c
@@ -107,9 +107,12 @@ static int show_cgroup_one_by_path(
                 /* libvirt / qemu uses threaded mode and cgroup.procs cannot be read at the lower levels.
                  * From https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html#threads,
                  * “cgroup.procs” in a threaded domain cgroup contains the PIDs of all processes in
-                 * the subtree and is not readable in the subtree proper. */
+                 * the subtree and is not readable in the subtree proper.
+                 *
+                 * ENODEV is generated when we enumerate processes from a cgroup and the cgroup is removed
+                 * concurrently. */
                 r = cg_read_pid(f, &pid, /* flags = */ 0);
-                if (IN_SET(r, 0, -EOPNOTSUPP))
+                if (IN_SET(r, 0, -EOPNOTSUPP, -ENODEV))
                         break;
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;